GRAMMAR A2 Prepositions of Place Movement Directions In / On / At

A2 Prepositions of Place and Movement

Learn to describe where things are and how people move using in, on, at, under, between, next to, opposite, into, across, through, along and past. Impara a descrivere dove si trovano le cose e come si muovono le persone usando in, on, at, under, between, next to, opposite, into, across, through, along e past.

in the room on the table at the station across the road through the tunnel

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1. See it in context1. Guarda le preposizioni nel contesto

“The café is opposite the station and next to the bank. Walk across the road, go past the pharmacy and turn left. The entrance is between two shops.”
What to noticeCosa notare

opposite / next to / between: posizione.

across / past: movimento.

Le preposizioni cambiano in base alla relazione nello spazio.

2. A2 control panel2. Pannello di controllo A2

In
inside an area

in the room

On
on a surface

on the table

At
specific point

at the station

Position
next to / between / opposite

next to the bank

Entering / leaving
into / out of

go into the room

Movement path
across / through / along / past

walk across the road

3. In, on and at3. In, on e at

in

in the room

in a box

in Rome

in the park

Use: dentro un’area o spazio.

on

on the table

on the wall

on the floor

on the first floor

Use: contatto con una superficie.

at

at the station

at the door

at school

at home

Use: punto o luogo specifico.

4. Basic position prepositions4. Preposizioni fondamentali di posizione

PrepositionMeaningExample
undersottoThe bag is under the chair.
abovesopra, senza contattoThe picture is above the sofa.
belowpiù in bassoThe temperature is below zero.
behinddietroThe garden is behind the house.
in front ofdavanti aThe car is in front of the hotel.
nearvicino aThe school is near the station.

5. Next to, between and opposite5. Next to, between e opposite

next to

The café is next to the bank.

Accanto a, molto vicino.

between

The hotel is between the bank and the station.

In mezzo a due elementi.

opposite

The pharmacy is opposite the supermarket.

Dall’altro lato, di fronte.

6. In front of and opposite6. In front of e opposite

In front ofOpposite
The car is in front of the house.The bank is opposite the school.
Same side or directly before something.Usually on the other side of a road or space.

7. Into, out of, onto and off7. Into, out of, onto e off

into

She walked into the room.

Movimento verso l’interno.

out of

He came out of the building.

Movimento verso l’esterno.

onto

The cat jumped onto the table.

Movimento verso una superficie.

off

The book fell off the shelf.

Movimento via da una superficie.

8. Across, through and over8. Across, through e over

PrepositionUseExample
acrossda un lato all’altro di una superficieWalk across the road.
throughdentro e attraverso uno spazioDrive through the tunnel.
oversopra e oltreClimb over the wall.

9. Along, past, up and down9. Along, past, up e down

along
Walk along this street.
past
Go past the supermarket.
up
Walk up the stairs.
down
Go down the hill.

10. Common transport expressions10. Espressioni comuni con i trasporti

ExpressionExample
on the bus/train/planeI left my bag on the bus.
in the car/taxiShe is waiting in the car.
get on / get offGet on the train. Get off at the next stop.
get into / get out ofGet into the car. Get out of the taxi.

11. Giving directions11. Dare indicazioni stradali

Go straight ahead.

Walk past the bank.

Turn left at the traffic lights.

Go across the bridge.

The museum is opposite the park.

12. Italian brain vs English brain12. Cervello italiano vs cervello inglese

ItalianoErrore comuneInglese naturale
Sul muro.in the wallon the wall
Alla stazione.in the station for a meeting pointat the station
Tra la banca e il bar.among the bank and the cafébetween the bank and the café
Entrare nella stanza.go in the roomgo into the room
Attraversare la strada.walk through the roadwalk across the road
Passare davanti alla banca.pass in front the bankgo past the bank

13. Common mistakes13. Errori comuni

❌ The picture is in the wall.

Per una superficie usa on.

✅ The picture is on the wall.
❌ She is at the kitchen.

Per una stanza usa in.

✅ She is in the kitchen.
❌ Walk through the road.

Per attraversare una superficie usa across.

✅ Walk across the road.
❌ The hotel is among the bank and the station.

Con due elementi usa between.

✅ The hotel is between the bank and the station.

14. Concept Check Questions

1. Which preposition do we normally use for something inside an enclosed space?1. Quale preposizione usiamo normalmente per qualcosa dentro uno spazio chiuso?
2. Which preposition do we use for contact with a surface?2. Quale preposizione usiamo per il contatto con una superficie?
3. Which preposition often describes a point or specific location?3. Quale preposizione descrive spesso un punto o luogo specifico?
4. Which pair shows movement into and out of an enclosed place?4. Quale coppia indica movimento dentro e fuori da un luogo chiuso?

15. Quick Check

1. The keys are _____ the drawer.1. Le chiavi sono _____ cassetto.
2. Your phone is _____ the table.2. Il telefono è _____ tavolo.
3. The bank is _____ the post office.3. La banca è _____ all’ufficio postale.
4. The cat is _____ the chair.4. Il gatto è _____ sedia.
5. She walked _____ the room.5. È entrata _____ stanza.

16. Challenge Check

1. The café is _____ the bank and the pharmacy.1. Il bar è _____ la banca e la farmacia.
2. We walked _____ the road to reach the station.2. Abbiamo attraversato _____ strada per raggiungere la stazione.
3. The train went _____ the tunnel.3. Il treno è passato _____ tunnel.
4. Go _____ the supermarket and turn right.4. Supera il supermercato e gira a destra.
5. Which sentence is most natural?5. Quale frase è più naturale?

17. Write it in English17. Scrivi in inglese

1. Il libro è sul tavolo.
2. La farmacia è accanto alla banca.
3. Il gatto è sotto il letto.
4. Siamo entrati nel museo.
5. Attraversa la strada e passa davanti alla banca.

18. Correction and transformation18. Correzione e trasformazione

1. Correct the sentence.

The picture is in the wall.

2. Correct the sentence.

The hotel is among the bank and the station.

3. Correct the sentence.

She is at the kitchen.

4. Rewrite using INTO.

The dog moved from outside to inside the house.

5. Rewrite using ACROSS.

Walk on the park from one side to the other.

19. Mini dialogue19. Mini dialogo

A: “How do I get to the library?”A: “Come arrivo alla biblioteca?”

20. Guided writing task20. Writing guidato

Write 60–90 words describing a room, neighbourhood or route. Use at least six different place or movement prepositions. Scrivi 60–90 parole descrivendo una stanza, un quartiere o un percorso. Usa almeno sei diverse preposizioni di luogo o movimento.

in / on / at
vertical or relative position
location relation
entering or leaving movement
crossing movement
path movement
Capital letter + punctuation + 60 words
Model answer:

My school is near the station and opposite a park. The reception is on the ground floor, next to the main entrance. My classroom is on the first floor, between two offices. To get there, walk into the building, go up the stairs and turn left. Walk along the corridor and go past the library. The classroom is at the end of the corridor.

21. Use it in real life21. Usalo nella vita reale

Describe a place

The office is on the first floor, next to the lift.

Give directions

Walk across the road, go past the bank and turn right.

Want a lasting method to learn English?Vuoi un metodo duraturo per imparare l’inglese?

Book a consultation to identify the right path for your level and goals.Prenota un colloquio per individuare il percorso più adatto al tuo livello e ai tuoi obiettivi.

Book a consultationPrenota un colloquio

Final score and reportPunteggio finale e report

Your resultIl tuo risultato

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GRAMMAR A2 Present Perfect Life experiences Just / Already / Yet Italian learner editionEdizione per studenti italiani

A2 Present Perfect A2 Present Perfect

Learn to talk about life experiences, recent actions and situations that connect the past with the present. Use have/has + past participle with ever, never, just, already, yet, for and since. Impara a parlare di esperienze di vita, azioni recenti e situazioni che collegano il passato al presente. Usa have/has + participio passato con ever, never, just, already, yet, for e since.

I have finishedShe has goneHave you ever…? just / already / yetfor three yearssince 2022

Student detailsDati studente

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1. See it in context1. Guarda il Present Perfect nel contesto

“I have just finished my course. I have already passed two tests, but I haven’t taken the final exam yet. My friend has studied here for six months.” “I have just finished my course. I have already passed two tests, but I haven’t taken the final exam yet. My friend has studied here for six months.”
What students must noticeCosa devono notare gli studenti

have/has: cambia in base al soggetto.

finished, passed, taken, studied: participi passati.

just, already, yet: descrivono azioni recenti o attese.

for six months: durata che continua fino al presente.

2. Take on board: the A2 control panel2. Da portare via: il pannello di controllo A2

1. I/you/we/they
have + past participle

We have arrived.

2. He/she/it
has + past participle

She has arrived.

3. Negative
haven’t / hasn’t + participle

I haven’t finished.

4. Questions
Have/Has + subject + participle?

Have you seen it?

5. Life experience
ever / never

Have you ever flown?

6. Time connection
for / since

for two years / since 2023

3. The Present Perfect map3. La mappa del Present Perfect

Core formula:Formula centrale:

subject + have/has + past participle. The exact past time is often not stated because the connection with the present is important.

AffirmativeAffermativa

I have finished.

She has gone home.

Italian trap: Non usare il Past Simple dopo have/has: has went → has gone.

NegativeNegativa

I haven’t finished.

He hasn’t called.

Italian trap: Haven’t/hasn’t contiene già la negazione.

QuestionsDomande

Have you finished?

Has she arrived?

Italian trap: Non usare did con il Present Perfect.

Short answersRisposte brevi

Have they left? — Yes, they have.

Has he called? — No, he hasn’t.

Italian trap: Ripeti have o has, non il verbo principale.

4. Past participles4. Participi passati

Base formPast SimplePast participle
workworkedworked
finishfinishedfinished
gowentgone
seesawseen
dodiddone
writewrotewritten
taketooktaken
eatateeaten
bewas/werebeen
havehadhad

5. When do we use it?5. Quando lo usiamo?

Life experienceEsperienze di vita

I have visited Spain.

The exact time is not important or not stated.

Recent action with a present resultAzione recente con risultato presente

I have lost my keys.

Result now: I cannot open the door.

Unfinished time periodPeriodo di tempo non concluso

I have had three meetings today.

Today is not finished.

Situation continuing until nowSituazione che continua fino ad ora

We have lived here for five years.

We still live here now.

6. Ever, never, just, already and yet6. Ever, never, just, already e yet

WordParolaTypical useUso tipicoExampleEsempio
everquestions about experienceHave you ever flown?
nevernegative experience without notI have never flown.
justa very recent actionShe has just arrived.
alreadyearlier than expectedWe have already eaten.
yetquestions and negatives, usually at the endHave you finished yet?

7. For and since7. For e since

for

duration

for two hours

for three years

for a long time

since

starting point

since Monday

since 2022

since I was a child

Compare:Confronta:

I have worked here for five years.

I have worked here since 2021.

8. Present Perfect or Past Simple?8. Present Perfect o Past Simple?

Present PerfectPast Simple
I have been to Paris.
No exact time.		I went to Paris in 2024.
Finished past time.
Have you ever seen this film?
Life experience.		Did you see this film last night?
Specific finished time.
I have spoken to Anna today.
Today is not finished.		I spoke to Anna yesterday.
Yesterday is finished.
She has lived here for ten years.
She still lives here.		She lived here for ten years.
She does not live here now.
Do not normally use the Present Perfect with:Non usare normalmente il Present Perfect con:

yesterday, last week, in 2023, two days ago, when I was young

9. Italian brain vs English brain9. Cervello italiano vs cervello inglese

ItalianoCommon mistakeErrore comuneNatural EnglishInglese naturale
Sono stato a Londra.I have went to London.I have been to London.
L’ho visto ieri.I have seen him yesterday.I saw him yesterday.
Non ho ancora finito.I haven’t yet finished.I haven’t finished yet.
Vivo qui da tre anni.I live here since three years.I have lived here for three years.
Vivo qui dal 2022.I have lived here for 2022.I have lived here since 2022.
Hai mai provato?Did you ever tried?Have you ever tried?

10. Common mistakes10. Errori comuni

❌ She has went home.

Use the past participle gone.Usa il participio passato gone.

✅ She has gone home.
❌ I have seen him yesterday.

Yesterday requires the Past Simple.Yesterday richiede il Past Simple.

✅ I saw him yesterday.
❌ Have you ever went abroad?

Use the past participle been/gone.Usa il participio passato been/gone.

✅ Have you ever been abroad?
❌ I have lived here since five years.

Use for with a duration.Usa for con una durata.

✅ I have lived here for five years.

11. Concept Check Questions11. Domande di controllo del concetto

1. What is the basic structure of the Present Perfect?1. Qual è la struttura base del Present Perfect?
2. Which sentence talks about a life experience without saying when?2. Quale frase parla di un’esperienza di vita senza dire quando?
3. Which word is commonly used in questions about life experience?3. Quale parola si usa comunemente nelle domande sulle esperienze di vita?
4. Which form follows have or has?4. Quale forma segue have o has?

12. Quick Check12. Quick Check

1. She _____ finished her homework.1. Lei _____ finito i compiti.
2. We _____ seen that film.2. Noi _____ visto quel film.
3. Tom has _____ to the supermarket.3. Tom è _____ al supermercato.
4. I _____ finished yet.4. Non ho ancora finito.
5. _____ you ever tried sushi?5. Hai mai provato il sushi?

13. Challenge Check13. Challenge Check

1. I have _____ arrived, so I’m still at the station.1. Sono appena arrivato, quindi sono ancora alla stazione.
2. She has _____ sent the email.2. Ha già inviato l’email.
3. Choose the correct sentence.3. Scegli la frase corretta.
4. I have lived here _____ 2022.4. Vivo qui _____ 2022.
5. Choose the correct sentence.5. Scegli la frase corretta.

14. Write it in English14. Scrivi in inglese

1. Ho già finito il lavoro.
2. Non ho ancora visto quel film.
3. Sei mai stato a Londra?
4. Marta è appena arrivata.
5. Viviamo qui da tre anni.

15. Sentence correction and transformation15. Correzione e trasformazione delle frasi

1. Correct the sentence.

She has went home.

2. Correct the sentence.

I have seen him yesterday.

3. Rewrite using ALREADY.

They finished the project.

4. Rewrite using NEVER.

This is my first time in Spain.

5. Rewrite using SINCE.

She started working here in 2021 and she still works here.

16. Mini dialogue practice16. Mini dialogo pratico

A: “Have you ever travelled alone?”A: “Hai mai viaggiato da solo?”

17. Guided writing task17. Writing guidato

Write 50–80 words about experiences you have had and things you have done recently. Include at least five Present Perfect features. Scrivi 50–80 parole sulle esperienze che hai avuto e sulle cose che hai fatto recentemente. Includi almeno cinque elementi del Present Perfect.

have/has + participle
ever / never
just / already / yet
for + duration
since + starting point
connector
Capital letter + punctuation + 50 words
Model answer:

I have visited several Italian cities, but I have never been to Sicily. I have already travelled abroad twice, and I have just started planning another trip. I have studied English for three years, and I have attended this school since 2023. I haven’t taken an international exam yet, but I would like to do one soon.

18. Use it in real life18. Usalo nella vita reale

Talk about experienceParla delle esperienze

Example:
I have worked with international clients, but I have never lived abroad.

Give a recent updateDai un aggiornamento recente

Example:
I have just sent the documents, and the manager has already replied.
Want a lasting method to really learn English?Vuoi un metodo duraturo per imparare davvero l’inglese?

Book a consultation and we will help you identify the best path for your level, objectives and timetable.Prenota un colloquio: ti aiuteremo a individuare il percorso più adatto al tuo livello, ai tuoi obiettivi e ai tuoi tempi.

Book a consultationPrenota un colloquio

Final score and reportPunteggio finale e report

Your resultIl tuo risultato

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