A2 Present Perfect A2 Present Perfect
Learn to talk about life experiences, recent actions and situations that connect the past with the present. Use have/has + past participle with ever, never, just, already, yet, for and since. Impara a parlare di esperienze di vita, azioni recenti e situazioni che collegano il passato al presente. Usa have/has + participio passato con ever, never, just, already, yet, for e since.
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1. See it in context1. Guarda il Present Perfect nel contesto
What students must noticeCosa devono notare gli studenti
have/has: cambia in base al soggetto.
finished, passed, taken, studied: participi passati.
just, already, yet: descrivono azioni recenti o attese.
for six months: durata che continua fino al presente.
2. Take on board: the A2 control panel2. Da portare via: il pannello di controllo A2
have + past participleWe have arrived.
has + past participleShe has arrived.
haven’t / hasn’t + participleI haven’t finished.
Have/Has + subject + participle?Have you seen it?
ever / neverHave you ever flown?
for / sincefor two years / since 2023
3. The Present Perfect map3. La mappa del Present Perfect
subject + have/has + past participle. The exact past time is often not stated because the connection with the present is important.
AffirmativeAffermativa
I have finished.
She has gone home.
NegativeNegativa
I haven’t finished.
He hasn’t called.
QuestionsDomande
Have you finished?
Has she arrived?
Short answersRisposte brevi
Have they left? — Yes, they have.
Has he called? — No, he hasn’t.
4. Past participles4. Participi passati
| Base form | Past Simple | Past participle |
|---|---|---|
| work | worked | worked |
| finish | finished | finished |
| go | went | gone |
| see | saw | seen |
| do | did | done |
| write | wrote | written |
| take | took | taken |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| be | was/were | been |
| have | had | had |
5. When do we use it?5. Quando lo usiamo?
Life experienceEsperienze di vita
I have visited Spain.
The exact time is not important or not stated.
Recent action with a present resultAzione recente con risultato presente
I have lost my keys.
Result now: I cannot open the door.
Unfinished time periodPeriodo di tempo non concluso
I have had three meetings today.
Today is not finished.
Situation continuing until nowSituazione che continua fino ad ora
We have lived here for five years.
We still live here now.
6. Ever, never, just, already and yet6. Ever, never, just, already e yet
| WordParola | Typical useUso tipico | ExampleEsempio |
|---|---|---|
| ever | questions about experience | Have you ever flown? |
| never | negative experience without not | I have never flown. |
| just | a very recent action | She has just arrived. |
| already | earlier than expected | We have already eaten. |
| yet | questions and negatives, usually at the end | Have you finished yet? |
7. For and since7. For e since
for
duration
for two hours
for three years
for a long time
since
starting point
since Monday
since 2022
since I was a child
I have worked here for five years.
I have worked here since 2021.
8. Present Perfect or Past Simple?8. Present Perfect o Past Simple?
| Present Perfect | Past Simple |
|---|---|
| I have been to Paris. No exact time. | I went to Paris in 2024. Finished past time. |
| Have you ever seen this film? Life experience. | Did you see this film last night? Specific finished time. |
| I have spoken to Anna today. Today is not finished. | I spoke to Anna yesterday. Yesterday is finished. |
| She has lived here for ten years. She still lives here. | She lived here for ten years. She does not live here now. |
yesterday, last week, in 2023, two days ago, when I was young
9. Italian brain vs English brain9. Cervello italiano vs cervello inglese
| Italiano | Common mistakeErrore comune | Natural EnglishInglese naturale |
|---|---|---|
| Sono stato a Londra. | I have been to London. | |
| L’ho visto ieri. | I saw him yesterday. | |
| Non ho ancora finito. | I haven’t finished yet. | |
| Vivo qui da tre anni. | I have lived here for three years. | |
| Vivo qui dal 2022. | I have lived here since 2022. | |
| Hai mai provato? | Have you ever tried? |
10. Common mistakes10. Errori comuni
Use the past participle gone.Usa il participio passato gone.
Yesterday requires the Past Simple.Yesterday richiede il Past Simple.
Use the past participle been/gone.Usa il participio passato been/gone.
Use for with a duration.Usa for con una durata.
11. Concept Check Questions11. Domande di controllo del concetto
12. Quick Check12. Quick Check
13. Challenge Check13. Challenge Check
14. Write it in English14. Scrivi in inglese
15. Sentence correction and transformation15. Correzione e trasformazione delle frasi
She has went home.
I have seen him yesterday.
They finished the project.
This is my first time in Spain.
She started working here in 2021 and she still works here.
16. Mini dialogue practice16. Mini dialogo pratico
17. Guided writing task17. Writing guidato
Write 50–80 words about experiences you have had and things you have done recently. Include at least five Present Perfect features. Scrivi 50–80 parole sulle esperienze che hai avuto e sulle cose che hai fatto recentemente. Includi almeno cinque elementi del Present Perfect.
I have visited several Italian cities, but I have never been to Sicily. I have already travelled abroad twice, and I have just started planning another trip. I have studied English for three years, and I have attended this school since 2023. I haven’t taken an international exam yet, but I would like to do one soon.
18. Use it in real life18. Usalo nella vita reale
Talk about experienceParla delle esperienze
I have worked with international clients, but I have never lived abroad.
Give a recent updateDai un aggiornamento recente
I have just sent the documents, and the manager has already replied.
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